@article {12927, title = {Magnitude and Trends of High-elevation Cloud Water Pollutant Concentrations and Modeled Deposition Fluxes}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, month = {03/2017}, pages = {127-143 }, publisher = {David Publishing}, type = {Journal}, keywords = {Water pollution}, doi = {10.17265/2162-5263/2017.03.003}, author = {Selma Isil and Christopher Rogers and Carol Armbrust Wanta}, editor = {Thomas Lavery} } @mastersthesis {13019, title = {Benefits and risks of imidacloprid-based management programs for hemlock woolly adelgid. }, volume = {Doctor of Philosophy}, year = {2016}, month = {May}, pages = {206}, school = {University of Tennessee}, address = {Knoxville, Tennessee}, keywords = {Streams, Trees -- Diseases and pests, Water pollution}, author = {Elizabeth Paige Benton} } @article {12845, title = {Critical Loads and Exceedances for Nitrogen and Sulfur Atmospheric Deposition in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, United States}, journal = {Ecosphere}, volume = {7}, year = {2016}, month = {10/2016}, keywords = {Air pollution, Ecology, Land pollution, Streams, Water pollution, Water quality}, issn = {21508925}, doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1466}, author = {Habibollah Fakhraei and Charles T. Driscoll and James R. Renfro and Matt A. Kulp and Tamara F. Blett and Patricia F. Brewer and John S. Schwartz} } @article {12518, title = {Developing Critical Loads of Nitrate and Sulfate Deposition to Watersheds of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA}, journal = {Water, Air, \& Soil Pollution}, volume = {226}, year = {2015}, month = {July}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Switzerland}, keywords = {Soil acidity, Water pollution, Watersheds}, doi = {10.1007/s11270-015-2502-7}, author = {Zhou, Qingtao and Driscoll, Charles T. and Moore, Stephen E. and Kulp, Matt A. and Renfro, James R. and Schwartz, John S. and Cai, Meijun and Lynch, Jason A.} } @mastersthesis {12364, title = {Chemical Flux During Event Stormwater Flows in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Comparison of Two Streams Varying by Drainage Area and Elevation}, year = {2014}, month = {August}, pages = {64}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master of Science}, address = {Knoxville}, keywords = {Acid rain, Streams, Water pollution, Water quality, Watersheds}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2789/}, author = {Aplin, Matthew Williams} } @article {7482, title = {Mercury Bioaccumulation in Southern Appalachian Birds, Assessed through Feather Concentrations}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {23}, year = {2014}, month = {January}, keywords = {Birds, Birds -- Habitat, Pollution, Water pollution}, author = {Keller, Rebecca Hylton and Xie, Lingtian and Buckwalter, David B and Franzreb, Kathleen E and Simons, Theodore R} } @article {11775, title = {Phylogeny and Size Differentially Influence Dissolved Cd and Zn Bioaccumulation Parameters among Closely Related Aquatic Insects}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, year = {2014}, month = {April 14}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, keywords = {Insects -- Habitat, Water pollution}, doi = {10.1021/es501096a }, url = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/261731402_Phylogeny_and_size_differentially_influence_dissolved_Cd_and_Zn_bioaccumulation_parameters_among_closely_related_aquatic_insects}, author = {Poteat, Monica Deshay and Buchwalter, David B} } @article {3085, title = {Long-Term Annual and Seasonal Patterns of Acidic Deposition and Stream Water Quality in a Great Smoky Mountains High-Elevation Watershed}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {219}, year = {2011}, note = {Maps}, month = {July}, pages = {547-562}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition, Climate, Water pollution, Water quality}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-010-0727-z?null}, author = {Cai, Meijun and Schwartz, John S and Robinson, R. Bruce and Moore, Stephen E and Kulp, Matthew A} } @article {4589, title = {Construction of Bio-retention Basin and Accompanying Drainage within Smokemont Campground, GRSM, Swain County, North Carolina}, year = {2010}, note = {On file Cultural Resources Management Office, Smokemont Memos, GRSM.}, institution = {Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Smokemont, Water pollution}, author = {Bailey, R Heath} } @mastersthesis {4085, title = {Environmental Impacts to Stream Acidification and Brook Trout Populations in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {2010}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, month = {December}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Dissertation}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, abstract = {

This research supports development of aquatic resource management strategies to address acid deposition in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GRSM) by 1) developing relationships between baseflow and stormflow chemical constituents and examining effects of elevation, area, geology, soil, and vegetation on stream chemistry; 2) evaluating physiological condition in brook trout in relation to changes in stream chemistry during stream acidification episodes, and 3) evaluating brook trout metrics with respect to stream chemistry, basin characteristics, and ecologically relevant hydrologic parameters. (1) Stream chemistry was monitored in eight GRSM streams considering basin area, site elevation, Anakeesta geology, soil, and vegetation. Following precipitation events, pH was significantly reduced and aluminum concentrations increased, while the concentration response of ANC, nitrate, sulfate, and base cations varied. Higher pH and ANC concentrations were observed in large and low-elevation streams. (2) Caged brook trout were exposed to two acid episodes during in situ bioassays conducted in three GRSM streams. Stream pH decreased (\>0.7 pH units) and total dissolved aluminum increased (\>0.175 mg/L) at all three sites during acid episodes. Whole-body sodium concentrations were significantly reduced (10-20\%) when preceding 24-h time weighted average pH values (4.88, 5.09, 4.87) and corresponding 24-h aluminum concentrations (210, 202, 202 [mu]g/L). Lower whole-body sodium concentrations were correlated with elevated proton and aluminum concentrations indicating physiological distress. (3) Water chemistry, hydrology and physical basin factors influenced brook trout distributions and densities in 16 collocated fish and water quality sampling sites (1990-2009). Higher concentrations of ANC, pH, sodium, and soil cation exchange capacity, and higher fall flows were associated with the presence of brook trout. Trout densities were higher in streams with higher concentrations of sodium, suggesting that sodium may ameliorate the effects of acid toxicity. These relationships provide useful information where GRSM managers can prioritize conservation and restoration efforts.

}, keywords = {Acid rain, Bodies of water, Trout, Water pollution}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/899/}, author = {Neff, Keil Jason} } @article {3083, title = {Long-Term Effects of Acidic Deposition on Water Quality in a High-Elevation Great Smoky Mountains National Park Watershed: Use of an Ion Input-Output Budget}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {209}, year = {2010}, note = {Maps}, month = {June}, pages = {143-156}, keywords = {Acid rain, Forests, Water pollution, Water quality, Watersheds}, author = {Cai, Meijun and Schwartz, John S and Robinson, R. Bruce and Moore, Stephen E and Kulp, Matthew A} } @article {3191, title = {Characterizing Episodic Stream Acidity During Stormflows in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution}, volume = {196}, year = {2009}, pages = {3-18}, keywords = {Acid rain, Little Pigeon River Watershed, Water pollution, Water quality}, author = {Deyton, Edwin Bradley and Schwartz, John S and Robinson, R. Bruce and Neff, Keil Jason and Moore, Stephen E and Kulp, Matthew A} } @article {3747, title = {pH and Acid Anion Time Trends in Different Elevation Ranges in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce}, volume = {134}, year = {2008}, note = {Maps}, month = {September}, pages = {800-808}, keywords = {Bodies of water, Ecosystem, Soils, Water pollution, Watersheds}, author = {Robinson, R. Bruce and Barnett, Thomas W and Harwell, Glenn R and Moore, Stephen E and Kulp, Matthew A and Schwartz, John S} } @mastersthesis {4084, title = {Physiological Stress in Native Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) During Episodic Acidification of Streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {2007}, month = {August}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, abstract = {

Episodes of stream acidification are suspected to be the primary cause of the extirpation of native southern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from six headwater streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM). During periods of increased flow from storm events, stream pH can drop below 5.0 (minimum of 4.0) for 2-days or longer. To provide evidence that native brook trout are impacted by stream acidification, in situ bioassay experiments were conducted. Changes in stream water chemistry and brook trout physiology were determined during a 36-hour acidic episode at three remote headwater stream sites in the Middle Prong of the Little Pigeon River watershed. Conductivity, pH, turbidity, stage height and temperature were monitored continuously; and water samples were collected for laboratory analyses (metals, cations, anions, ANC). Native brook trout were put in cages at the three sites and fish were sampled before and after the acid storm event. Physiological stress in brook trout was assessed by measuring whole-body sodium in individual fish sampled before and after the stormflow, and evaluating whole-body sodium loss as a response to acid conditions. The pH decreased at all three sites during the acidic episode. Stream pH dropped to approximately 5.0 at two sites and 4.66 at the third site. Prior to the storm, there was no difference in the whole-body sodium concentrations in trout between the three sites. Following the storm event, in trout from the site that experienced the lowest pH, whole-body sodium levels were reduced significantly relative to a) the pre-storm condition and b) trout from the other sites. Results demonstrate that stream acidification can negatively affect native southern brook trout physiology in the GRSM under actual field conditions. Trout lose the ability to regulate critical blood ions, as exemplified by a loss of whole-body sodium, when stream pH was less than 5.0 for 20 hours. Loss of sodium is an important indication of physiological stress in fish exposed to acid waters. This observation supports the hypothesis that episodic acidification of streams could be limiting native brook trout from occupying headwater streams in the GRSM.

}, keywords = {Bodies of water, Little Pigeon River Watershed, Trout, Water pollution}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/178/}, author = {Neff, Keil Jason} } @article {3748, title = {Concentration-Duration-Frequency Curves for pH in a Stream in the Great Smoky Mountains}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce}, volume = {132}, year = {2006}, month = {December}, pages = {1600-1605}, keywords = {Acid rain, Bodies of water, Water pollution}, author = {R. Bruce Robinson and Roby, J Chadwick} } @article {3336, title = {Impact of Tunnel Reconstruction on Stream Water Quality in Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Journal of Hydrologic Engineering}, volume = {11}, year = {2006}, note = {Maps}, month = {November-December}, pages = {570-577}, keywords = {Water pollution, Water quality, Watersheds}, author = {Hedrick, Kevin P and Robinson, R. Bruce and Tschantz, Bruce and Moore, Stephen E} } @article {3749, title = {Parametric Modeling of Water Quality and Sampling Strategy in a High-Altitude Appalachian Stream}, journal = {Journal of Hydrology}, volume = {287}, year = {2004}, note = {

Availalbe through ScienceDirect

}, month = {February}, pages = {62-73}, keywords = {Water pollution, Water quality}, author = {Robinson, R. Bruce and Wood, Molly S and Smoot, James L and Moore, Stephen E} } @mastersthesis {6092, title = {Effect of Anakeesta Leachate on the Decomposition of Allochthonous Leaf Litter by Aquatic Hyphomycetes}, year = {2002}, month = {June}, school = {Western Carolina University}, type = {Masters of Science}, address = {Cullowhee, NC}, keywords = {Beech Flats, Ecology, Soils, Water pollution, Water quality}, author = {Dawn A Geverd} } @article {10397, title = {NPCA Files Suit Against TVA for Smokies Pollution}, journal = {National Parks}, volume = {74}, year = {2000}, month = {November/December}, pages = {12-13}, keywords = {Air pollution, Tennessee Valley Authority, Water pollution}, url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=q8YjQs3ohhYC\&pg=PA12\&dq=national+parks+magazines\&source=gbs_toc_r\&cad=2$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false}, author = {Daerr, Elizabeth G} } @book {7250, title = {Blue Ridge 2020 : An Owner{\textquoteright}s Manual}, year = {1999}, publisher = {The University of North Carolina Press}, organization = {The University of North Carolina Press}, address = {Chapel Hill, NC}, keywords = {Conservation, Ecology, Invasive plants, Tourism -- Environmental impacts, Water pollution}, author = {Nash, Steve} } @article {3143, title = {Acid-Base Chemistry of High-Elevation Streams in the Great Smoky Mountains}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {72}, year = {1994}, note = {Maps}, month = {January}, pages = {331-356}, keywords = {Air particles -- Deposition, Bodies of water, Water pollution, Water quality}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/v362607707441413/}, author = {Cook, R. B and Elwood, J. W and Turner, Ralph R and Bogle, Mary Anna and Mulholland, Patrick J and Palumbo, A. V} } @article {3486, title = {Anakeesta Stream Acidification and Metal Contamination: Effects on a Salamander Community}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality}, volume = {23}, year = {1994}, month = {November/December}, pages = {1311-1317}, keywords = {Acid rain, Beech Flats, Fauna -- Population densities, Salamanders, Water pollution}, author = {Kucken, Darlene J and Davis, J. S and Petranka, James W and Smith, Charles K} } @article {10381, title = {NPCA Wins First Round in Landfill Appeal}, journal = {National Parks}, volume = {67}, year = {1993}, month = {January/February}, pages = {14}, keywords = {Black bears, Haywood County, Streams, Water pollution} } @article {10382, title = {Landfill Threatens Smokies Black Bears}, journal = {National Parks}, volume = {66}, year = {1992}, month = {September/October}, pages = {16}, keywords = {Black bears, Cataloochee, Haywood County, Little Pigeon River, Water pollution} } @book {6777, title = {Upper Little Tennessee River Aerial Inventory of Land Uses and Nonpoint Pollution Sources}, year = {1992}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority, Resource Development, River Basin Operations, Water Resources}, organization = {Tennessee Valley Authority, Resource Development, River Basin Operations, Water Resources}, address = {Chattanooga, TN}, keywords = {Aerial photographs, Little Tennessee River, Water pollution, Watersheds}, author = {Hagerman, James R} } @article {10384, title = {Smokies Landfill Threatens Black Bears}, journal = {National Parks}, volume = {65}, year = {1991}, month = {July/August}, pages = {10}, keywords = {Black bears, Haywood County, Water pollution} } @book {7334, title = {Upstream Battle : The Pigeon River}, year = {1990}, note = {Illustrations}, publisher = {Americans for a Clean Environment}, organization = {Americans for a Clean Environment}, address = {Hartford, TN}, keywords = {Little Pigeon River, Water pollution}, author = {Hodges, Jill and Hodges, Steve} } @proceedings {5553, title = {Proceedings Sixth Annual Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, journal = {Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, year = {1989}, month = {October}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition -- Heavy metals, Climate, Forests, Ozone, Red spruce, Soils, Trees -- Growth, Water pollution}, author = {Weaver, Linda A and Tennessee Valley Authority} } @proceedings {5554, title = {Proceedings Fifth Annual Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, journal = {Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, year = {1988}, month = {September}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition, Geology, Red spruce, Soils, Water pollution}, author = {Olem, Harvey and Tennessee Valley Authority} } @proceedings {5532, title = {Proceedings Third Annual Acid Rain Conference for the Southern Appalachians}, journal = {Acid Rain Conference for the Southern Appalachians}, volume = {3}, year = {1986}, month = {December}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Acid rain, Forests, Geology, Ozone, Soil acidity, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees -- Growth decline, Water pollution}, author = {Olem, Harvey and Tennessee Valley Authority} } @article {7225, title = {Biological and Chemical Monitoring of Foothills Parkway : Final Report}, year = {1985}, institution = {Tennessee Department of Transportation}, address = {Nashville, TN}, keywords = {Foothills Parkway, Roads, Water pollution}, issn = {Project number TN--RES5616}, author = {Coburn, C. B. and Ensor, Ginger} } @article {3580, title = {Toxicity of Anakeesta Formation Leachates to Shovel-Nosed Salamander, Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality}, volume = {11}, year = {1982}, pages = {102-106}, keywords = {Beech Flats, Great Smoky Group, Newfound Gap Road/U.S. 441, Sediments -- Heavy metals, Water pollution}, author = {Mathews, Raymond C and Morgan, Eric L} } @proceedings {12046, title = {Proceedings: Streams Workshop}, journal = {Streams Workshop}, year = {1980}, publisher = {Southeastern Forest Experiment Station}, address = {Asheville, NC, November 13-14, 1979}, keywords = {Fishes, Recreation, Streams, Water pollution}, author = {Southern Appalachian Research/Resource Management Cooperative} } @article {6119, title = {A Survey of Bacterial Water Quality in Abrams Creek, Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Journal of Tennessee Academy of Science}, volume = {55}, year = {1980}, month = {January}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {Abrams Creek, Bacteria, Water pollution, Water quality}, url = {http://iweb.tntech.edu/sstedman/JTAS\%2055-1.pdf}, author = {Larson, Gary L and Mathews, Raymond C and Klausmeyer, Jacalyn L} } @article {5516, title = {Great Smoky Mountains Preliminary Study for Biosphere Reserve Pollutant Monitoring}, year = {1979}, month = {November}, institution = {Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}, address = {Las Vegas, Nevada}, keywords = {Air pollution, Land pollution, Pollination, Transportation, Water pollution}, issn = {EPA-600/4-79-072}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924056861820}, author = {Wiersma, G. Bruce and Brown, Kenneth W and Herrmann, Ray and Taylor, C. and Pope, J.} } @proceedings {6160, title = {Acid Drainage Toxicity and Assessment of Sodium Hydroxide Neutralization in Streams of the Great Smoky Mountains}, journal = {1st. Conference on Science Research in National Parks}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, month = {November 9-12}, pages = {559-564}, publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service}, address = {New Orleans, LA}, keywords = {Acid rain, Beech Flats, Trout, Water pollution, Water quality}, author = {Mathews, Raymond C and Sinks, J. D and Morgan, Eric L} } @proceedings {6156, title = {Aluminum Precipation, Beech Flats and Walker{\textquoteright}s Prong Creeks, Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {1st Conference on Scientific Research in the National Parks}, volume = {II}, year = {1976}, month = {November 9-12}, pages = {715-718}, publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service}, address = {New Orleans}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air pollution, Beech Flats, Trout, Water pollution}, author = {Herrmann, Ray and Morgan, Eric L and Green, R. L}, editor = {Linn, Robert M} } @mastersthesis {7345, title = {Characterization of Water Chemistry of Anakeesta Pyrite Affected Streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1976}, school = {Western Carolina University}, type = {Master of Arts}, address = {Cullowhee, NC}, keywords = {Anakeesta Formation, Water pollution}, author = {Maas, Richard P} } @mastersthesis {6815, title = {Comparison of Fish and Benthic Faunal Compositions in Polluted and Pristine Forks of a Mountain River}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Fishes, Little Pigeon River, Water pollution}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3298/}, author = {Starnes, Lynn Betson} } @proceedings {6175, title = {Man Induced Acid Drainage Impact on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {1st Conference on Scientific Reserach in the National Parks}, volume = {I}, year = {1976}, pages = {643-647}, publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service}, address = {New Orleans}, keywords = {Beech Flats, Trout, Water pollution}, author = {Trumpf, William F and Morgan, Eric L and Herrmann, Ray}, editor = {Linn, Robert M} } @article {3383, title = {Mercury Concentrations in Fish from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta}, volume = {70}, year = {1974}, month = {May}, pages = {41-47}, keywords = {Fauna, Fishes, Water pollution}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82908-1}, author = {Huckabee, John W and Feldman, Cyrus and Talmi, Yair} } @article {11975, title = {Scenic and Recreational Streams Analysis for the East Tennessee Development District}, year = {1974}, pages = {55}, publisher = {East Tennessee Development District}, keywords = {Natural resources, Recreation management, Streams, Tourism -- Fishing, Water pollution}, author = {East Tennessee Development District} } @article {10314, title = {The Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {National Parks}, volume = {39}, year = {1965}, month = {March}, pages = {4-7}, keywords = {Conservation, Forests -- Old growth, Park development, Roads, Water pollution}, author = {Broome, Harvey} }