@article {12514, title = {Predicting Effects of Climate Change on Habitat Sustainability of Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of the USA}, journal = {Forests}, volume = {6}, year = {2015}, note = {Title continues: Understanding Complex Systems Mechanisms through Modeling}, month = {April}, pages = {1208-1226}, keywords = {Climate change, Habitat models, Red spruce}, doi = {10.3390/f6041208}, author = {Koo, Kyung-Ah and Patten, Bernard C and Madden, Marguerite} } @mastersthesis {12438, title = {Dendrogeomorphic Analysis of Debris Slides on Mt. LeConte, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, U.S.A.}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {2014}, month = {December}, school = {University of Tennessee}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Debris flow, Geography, Mount Le Conte, Red spruce}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3177/}, author = {Rochner, Maegen Lee} } @article {11520, title = {Late Winter and Early Spring Home Range and Habitat Use of the Endangered Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel in Western North Carolina}, journal = {Endangered Species Research}, volume = {23}, year = {2014}, month = {January 28}, pages = {73-82}, publisher = {Inter-Research}, keywords = {Habitat models, Natural history, Red spruce, Squirrels and chipmunks, Yellow birch}, doi = {doi: 10.3354/esr00561}, url = {http://www.int-res.com/articles/esr_oa/n023p073.pdf}, author = {Ford, W. Mark and Kelly, Christine A and Rodrigue, Jane L and Odom, Richard H and Newcomb, Douglas and Gilley, L. Michelle and Diggins, Corinne A} } @article {12418, title = {Projection of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens Sargent) Habitat Suitability and Distribution in the Southern Appalachian Mountains}, journal = {Ecological Modelling}, volume = {293}, year = {2014}, month = {December 10}, pages = {91-101}, publisher = {Elsevier}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, doi = {doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.005}, author = {Koo, Kyung-Ah and Madden, Marguerite and Patten, Bernard C} } @article {4520, title = {Using Silviculture to Influence Carbon Sequestration in Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forests}, journal = {Forests}, volume = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Maps}, month = {June 4}, pages = {300-316}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Vegetation monitoring}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/3/2/300$\#$cite}, author = {Moore, Patrick T and DeRose, R. Justin and Long, James N and Van Miegroet, Helga} } @article {5155, title = {Assessing environmental factors in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growth in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA: From conceptual model, envirogram, to simulation model}, journal = {Ecological Modelling}, volume = {222}, year = {2011}, note = {Maps, Tables}, month = {February}, pages = {824-835}, publisher = {Elsevier}, keywords = {Ecology, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Koo, Kyung-Ah and Patten, Bernard C and Teskey, Robert O} } @article {3859, title = {High-elevation Ground-layer Plant Community Composition Across Environmental Gradients in Spruce-Fir Forests}, journal = {Ecological Research}, volume = {26}, year = {2011}, note = {Maps, Figures}, month = {November}, pages = {1089-1101}, keywords = {Biology, Ecology, Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Soil acidity, Soils, Trees}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/j530653456818350/}, author = {Stehn, Sarah E and Webster, Christopher R and Jenkins, Michael A and Jose, Shibu} } @article {3480, title = {Picea Rubens Growth at High Versus Low Elevations in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Evaluation by Systems Modeling}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {41}, year = {2011}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, month = {May}, pages = {945-962}, keywords = {Acid rain, Conservation, Flora, Pollution, Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-243}, author = {Koo, Kyung-Ah and Patten, Bernard C and Creed, Irena F} } @article {3858, title = {Elevational Gradients of Bryophyte Diversity, Life Forms, and Community Assemblage in the Southern Appalachian Mountains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {40}, year = {2010}, month = {November}, pages = {2164-2174}, keywords = {Biodiversity, Fauna, Flora, Fraser fir, Insects, Red spruce, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/X10-156}, author = {Stehn, Sarah E and Webster, Christopher R and Glime, Janice M and Jenkins, Michael A} } @article {3758, title = {Investigation of Acid Deposition Effects on Southern Appalachian Red Spruce (Picea Rubens) by Determination of Calcium, Magnesium, and Aluminum in Foliage and Surrounding Soil Using Icp-Oes}, journal = {Instrumentation Science \& Technology}, volume = {38}, year = {2010}, pages = {341-358}, keywords = {Air particles -- Deposition -- Heavy metals, Red spruce, Trees -- Decay}, author = {Rosenberg, Matthew B and Butcher, David J} } @article {3705, title = {On the Scarcity of Red Spruce (Picea rubens) and Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri) iSn the Beech Gaps of Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science}, volume = {126}, year = {2010}, month = {fall}, pages = {98-104}, keywords = {Fauna, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Soils, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, url = {http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/jncas\&CISOPTR=3959}, author = {Poteat, Monica and Vandermast, David B} } @mastersthesis {4102, title = {Influence of Exogenous Distribution of Bryophyte Community Assemblage and Tree Regeneration Dynamics in Southern Appalachian SPruce-Fir Forests}, year = {2009}, school = {Michigan Technological University}, type = {Master of Science}, address = {Michigan}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Liverworts, Mosses, Red spruce, Trees}, author = {Stehn, Sarah E} } @article {2936, title = {Microfungi of Forest Litter From Healthy American Beech, Fraser Fir, and Eastern Hemlock Stands in Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Southeastern Naturalist}, volume = {8}, year = {2009}, note = {Full text of this article is provided by BioOne, a site for scientific collaboration. "BioOne does not endorse, review, or authorize the content stated on this site."}, pages = {609-630}, keywords = {All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory, American beech, Flora -- Classification and description, Forests, Fraser fir, Fungi, Hemlocks, Red spruce}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1656/058.008.0404}, author = {Baird, Richard E and Sandra Woolfolk and Watson, Clarence E} } @article {3862, title = {Mycetozoans of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: An All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory Project}, journal = {Southeastern Naturalist}, volume = {8}, year = {2009}, note = {Full text of this article is provided by BioOne, a site for scientific collaboration. "BioOne does not endorse, review, or authorize the content stated on this site."}, pages = {317-324}, keywords = {All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory, Climate, Ecology, Flora, Pollution, Red spruce, Slime molds, Trees}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1656/058.008.0210}, author = {Stephenson, Steven L and Landolt, John C} } @article {3778, title = {Species Assemblages of Tree Canopy Myxomycetes Related to Bark pH}, journal = {Castanea}, volume = {74}, year = {2009}, note = {Full text of this article is provided by BioOne, a site for scientific collaboration. "BioOne does not endorse, review, or authorize the content stated on this site."}, month = {June}, pages = {93-104}, keywords = {Acid rain, Flora -- Classification and description, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/08-020.1}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2179/08-020.1}, author = {Scarborough, Angela R and Keller, Harold W and Ely, Joseph S} } @article {4994, title = {Are Threatened High-Elevation Spruce-Fir Forests Impacted by Aluminum Toxicity and Calcium Loss?}, year = {2008}, month = {circa}, institution = {Michigan Technological University}, address = {Houghton, MI}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition, Air quality, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Soil acidity, Soils}, issn = {PMIS 110118}, url = {http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dotsdata/Webster_AreThretenedHighElevationSpruceFirForestsImpactedByAluminumToxicityAndCalciumLoss_2008.pdf}, author = {Webster, Christopher R} } @article {3756, title = {Coarse Woody Debris in a Southern Appalachian Spruce-fir Forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Natural Areas Journal}, volume = {28}, year = {2008}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, month = {October}, pages = {342-355}, keywords = {Ecology, Ecosystem, Flora, Fraser fir, Insects, Red spruce, Soils, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_rose005.pdf}, author = {Rose, Anita Kristine and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {4518, title = {Examination of Forest Recovery Scenarios in a Southern Appalachian Picea {\textendash} Abies Forest}, journal = {Forestry }, volume = {81}, year = {2008}, month = {February}, pages = {183-194}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, url = {http://forestry.oxfordjournals.org/content/81/2/183.full.pdf+html}, author = {Moore, Patrick T and Van Miegroet, Helga and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {3839, title = {Algae Associated with Myxomycetes and Leafy Liverworts on Decaying Spruce Logs}, journal = {Castanea}, volume = {72}, year = {2007}, note = {Full text of this article is provided by BioOne, a site for scientific collaboration. "BioOne does not endorse, review, or authorize the content stated on this site."}, month = {March}, pages = {50-57}, keywords = {Algae, Liverworts, Red spruce}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475(2007)72[50:AAWMAL]2.0.CO;2}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2179/0008-7475\%282007\%2972\%5B50\%3AAAWMAL\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2}, author = {Smith, Thomas and Stephenson, Steven L} } @article {3898, title = {Carbon Sources and Sinks in High-Elevation Spruce-fir Forests of the Southeastern US}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {238}, year = {2007}, note = {Maps}, month = {January}, pages = {249-260}, keywords = {Climate, Fraser fir, Minerals, Red spruce, Soils}, author = {Van Miegroet, Helga and Moore, Patrick T and Tewksbury, C. E and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {2982, title = {Characterization of the Health of Southern Appalachian Red Spruce (Piceae rubens) Through Determination of Calcium, Magnesium, and Aluminum Concentrations in Foliage and Soil}, journal = {Microchemical Journal}, volume = {87}, year = {2007}, month = {December}, pages = {170-174}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition -- Heavy metals, Red spruce, Soils}, author = {Bintz, Wesley W and Butcher, David J} } @article {3334, title = {The Influence of Logging and Topography on the Distribution of Spruce-Fir Forests Near Their Southern Limits in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA}, journal = {Plant Ecology}, volume = {189}, year = {2007}, note = {Maps}, month = {March}, pages = {59-70}, keywords = {Conservation, Fraser fir, Logging, Red spruce, Topography}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11258-006-9166-8?null}, author = {Hayes, Matthew D and Moody, Aaron and White, Peter S and Costanza, Jennifer L} } @article {4519, title = {Relative Role of Understory and Overstory in Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in a Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forest}, journal = { Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {37}, year = {2007}, note = {Maps}, month = {December}, pages = {2689-2700}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Vegetation monitoring, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Moore, Patrick T and Van Miegroet, Helga and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {6112, title = {Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics along a Climatic Gradient in a Southern Appalachian Spruce-fir Forest}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {37}, year = {2007}, month = {July}, pages = {1161-1172}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Soils, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Tewksbury, C. E and Van Miegroet, Helga} } @mastersthesis {4054, title = {Physiologic Acclimation of Southern Appalachian Red Spruce to Simulated Climatic Warming}, year = {2006}, month = {May}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Climate, Ecosystem, Red spruce}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1566/}, author = {Hagen, Jonathan William} } @article {5721, title = {Changes in the Great Smoky Mountains Fraser Fir Forest (1990-2000)}, year = {2004}, month = {October}, institution = {University of Tennessee}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees -- Diseases and pests, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://archive.org/details/changesingreatsm00manc}, author = {Mancusi, Michael R and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {3162, title = {Is Coarse Woody Debris a Net Sink or Source of Nitrogen in the Red Spruce - Fraser Fir Forest of the Southern Appalachians, USA?}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {34}, year = {2004}, note = {Maps}, month = {March}, pages = {716-727}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce}, author = {Creed, Irena F and Morrison, D. L and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {3921, title = {Exploring Interactions Between Pollutant Emissions and Climatic Variability in Growth of Red Spruce in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {159}, year = {2004}, month = {November}, pages = {225-248}, keywords = {Climate, Pollution, Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Webster, K. L and Creed, Irena F and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Van Miegroet, Helga} } @article {3070, title = {Red Spruce Dynamics in an Old Southern Appalachian Forest}, journal = {Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society}, volume = {131}, year = {2004}, month = {October-December}, pages = {337-342}, keywords = {Forest canopy, Forests, Fraser fir, Mount Collins, Red spruce}, author = {Busing, Richard T} } @article {3402, title = {Impact of the Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) on an Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Dominated Stand near the Summit of Mount LeConte, Tennessee}, journal = {Castanea}, volume = {68}, year = {2003}, month = {June}, pages = {109-118}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Mount Le Conte, Red spruce, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Jenkins, Michael A} } @mastersthesis {4057, title = {GIS Modeling of Spruce/Fir Distribution and its Lower Boundary in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {2002}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, school = {University of North Carolina}, type = {Master of Art}, address = {Chapel Hill, NC}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Geographic information systems, Geography, Logging, Red spruce, Trees -- Classification and description}, author = {Hayes, Matthew D}, editor = {Moody, Aaron} } @mastersthesis {4012, title = {Soil Attributes as Viable Agents in Red Spruce Mortality Along the Southern Appalachian Highlands with Applications As Field and Laboratory Exercises For Community College Science Courses}, year = {2002}, school = {George Mason University}, type = {Ph. D.}, address = {Fairfax, VA}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air quality, Forests, Pollution, Red spruce, Soils, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Ashbrook, Craig M} } @article {2943, title = {Variation in Overstory Nitrogen Uptake in a Small, High-Elevation Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Watershed}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {32}, year = {2002}, month = {October}, pages = {1741-1752}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Watersheds, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x02-098}, author = {Barker, M. and Van Miegroet, Helga and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Creed, Irena F} } @article {2914, title = {Spectral Response and Spatial Pattern of Fraser fir Mortality and Regeneration, Great Smoky Mountains, USA}, journal = {Plant Ecology}, volume = {156}, year = {2001}, note = {Maps}, month = {September}, pages = {59-74}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Forests, Fraser fir, Geographic information systems, Red spruce, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/v8440x84tg047wh5/}, author = {Allen, Thomas R and Kupfer, John A} } @article {5045, title = {Is There Synchronicity in Nitrogen Input and Output Fluxes at the Noland Divide Watershed, a Small N-Saturated Forested Catchment in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {The Scientific World Journal}, volume = {1}, year = {2001}, note = {Maps}, pages = {480-492}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition, Climate, Ecosystem, Fraser fir, Pollution, Red spruce, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://www.tswj.com/2001/378681/abs/}, author = {Van Miegroet, Helga and Creed, Irena F and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Tarboton, D. G and Webster, K. L and Shubzda, J. and Robinson, B. and Smoot, James L and Johnson, Dale W and Lindberg, Steven E and Lovett, G. and Nodvin, Stephen C and Moore, Stephen E} } @article {2913, title = {Application of Spherical Statistics to Change Vector Analysis of Landsat Data: Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forests}, journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment}, volume = {74}, year = {2000}, note = {Maps}, month = {December}, pages = {482-493}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Flora, Fraser fir, Mapping, Red spruce, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Allen, Thomas R and Kupfer, John A} } @article {3268, title = {Nitrogen Saturation and Soil N Availability in a High-Elevation Spruce and Fir Forest}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {120}, year = {2000}, month = {June}, pages = {295-313}, keywords = {Climate, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Soils}, author = {Garten, Charles T} } @article {4775, title = {Growth Pattern of Picea rubens Prior to Canopy Recruitment}, journal = {Plant Ecology}, volume = {140}, year = {1999}, pages = {245-253}, keywords = {Forest canopy, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline}, author = {Xinyuan Wu, J and McCormick, Frank and Busing, Richard T} } @article {11471, title = {Foliar Retention of N-15 Tracers: Implications for Net Canopy Exchange in Low- and High-elevation Forest Ecosystems}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {103}, year = {1998}, month = {April}, pages = {211-216}, keywords = {Ecology, Forests, Red spruce, Soils}, doi = {10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00185-0}, author = {Garten, Charles T and Schwab, A. B and Shirshac, T. L} } @article {3837, title = {Patterns of Overstory Composition in the FIr and Fir-Spruce Forests of the Great Smoky Mountains After Balsam Woolly Adelgid Infestation}, journal = {The American Midland Naturalist}, volume = {139}, year = {1998}, note = {Full text of this article is provided by BioOne, a site for scientific collaboration. "BioOne does not endorse, review, or authorize the content stated on this site."}, pages = {340-352}, keywords = {Fauna, Flora, Fraser fir, Insects, Red spruce, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1674/0003-0031\%281998\%29139\%5B0340\%3APOOCIT\%5D2.0.CO\%3B2}, author = {Smith, George F and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {3719, title = {Response of Avian Communities to Distrubance by an Exotic Insect in Spruce-Fir Forests of the Southern Appalachains}, journal = {Conservation Biology}, volume = {12}, year = {1998}, note = {Maps}, month = {February}, pages = {177-189}, keywords = {Birds, Fauna, Fraser fir, Insects, Red spruce, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96085.x/pdf}, author = {Rabenold, Kerry N and Fauth, Peter T and Goodner, Bradley W and Sadowski, Jennifer A and Parker, Patricia G} } @mastersthesis {12434, title = {Southern Appalachian Fir and Fir-Spruce Forest Community Changes Following Balsam Woolly Adelgid Infestation}, volume = {Master of Science}, year = {1997}, month = {May}, pages = {140}, school = {University of Tennessee}, address = {Knoxville}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1339/}, author = {Smith, George Francis} } @article {3068, title = {Estimation of Tree Replacement Patterns in an Appalachian Picea-Abies Forest}, journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science}, volume = {7}, year = {1996}, month = {October}, pages = {685-694}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Plant succession control, Red spruce}, author = {Busing, Richard T} } @article {3416, title = {Simulated Responses of Red Spruce Forest Soils to Reduced Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Quality}, volume = {25}, year = {1996}, month = {November-December}, pages = {1300-1309}, keywords = {Forests, Red spruce, Soils}, author = {Johnson, Dale W and Susfalk, R. B and Brewer, P. F} } @article {3673, title = {Vegetation, Biomass, and Nitrogen Pools in a Spruce-Fir Forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club}, volume = {123}, year = {1996}, month = {October-December}, pages = {318-329}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Vegetation monitoring}, author = {Pauley, Eric F and Nodvin, Stephen C and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Rose, Anita Kristine and Coffey, Thomas Bryan} } @article {3655, title = {Acidic Deposition, Ecosystem Processes, and Nitrogen Saturation in a High Elevation Southern Appalachian Watershed}, journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {85}, year = {1995}, month = {December}, pages = {1647-1652}, keywords = {Air particles -- Deposition, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Watersheds}, author = {Nodvin, Stephen C and Van Miegroet, Helga and Lindberg, Steven E and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Johnson, Dale W} } @article {3429, title = {Foliar Deficiencies of Mature Southern Appalachian Red Spruce Determined from Fertilizer Trials}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, volume = {58}, year = {1994}, month = {September-October}, pages = {1572-1579}, keywords = {Red spruce, Soils, Tennessee Valley Authority, Trees -- Decay}, author = {Joslin, J. D and Wolfe, Mark H} } @article {3075, title = {Mortality Trends in a Southern Appalachian Red Spruce Population}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {64}, year = {1994}, month = {March}, pages = {41-45}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Busing, Richard T and Pauley, Eric F} } @article {3595, title = {Two Hundred Year Variation of Southern Red Spruce Radial Growth as Estimated by Spectral Analysis: Comment}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {24}, year = {1994}, month = {November}, pages = {2299-2304}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Blasing, T. J and Downing, D. J} } @article {3596, title = {Acid Deposition Alters Red Spruce Physiology: Laboratory Studies Support Field Observations}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {23}, year = {1993}, month = {March}, pages = {380-386}, keywords = {Acid rain, Red spruce, Soil acidity}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Tjoelker, Mark G and Roy, W. Kelly} } @article {3897, title = {Foliar Response of Red Spruce Saplings to Fertilization with Ca and Mg in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {23}, year = {1993}, pages = {89-95}, keywords = {Red spruce, Soil acidity, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Van Miegroet, Helga and Johnson, Dale W and Todd, Donald E} } @article {3077, title = {Gradient Analysis of Old Spruce {\textendash} Fir Forests of the Great Smoky Mountains circa 1935}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Botany}, volume = {71}, year = {1993}, month = {July}, pages = {951-958}, keywords = {Climate, Ecosystem, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce}, author = {Busing, Richard T and White, Peter S and Mackenzie, Mark D} } @article {4658, title = {Synchronic Large-scale Disturbances and Red Spruce Growth Decline}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {23}, year = {1993}, pages = {1361-1374}, keywords = {Air pollution, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline}, author = {Reams, Gregory A and Van Deusen, Paul C.} } @article {4657, title = {Two Hundred Year Variation of Southern Red Spruce Radial Growth as Estimated by Spectral Analysis}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {23}, year = {1993}, pages = {291-301}, keywords = {Air pollution, Climate, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Reams, Gregory A and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Zedaker, Shephard M} } @inbook {4790, title = {Characterization of Eastern U.S. Spruce-Fir Soils}, booktitle = {Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States}, volume = {96}, year = {1992}, pages = {40-63}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Soils, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Fernandez, Ivan J} } @article {3650, title = {A Comparison of Overstory Community Structure in Three Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forests}, journal = {Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club}, volume = {119}, year = {1992}, note = {

Maps

}, month = {July-September}, pages = {316-332}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Zedaker, Shephard M and Eagar, Christopher C} } @inbook {4789, title = {Condition and Recent Trends in High-Elevation Red Spruce Populations}, booktitle = {Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States}, volume = {96}, year = {1992}, pages = {125-191}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Peart, David R and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Zedaker, Shephard M and Miller-Weeks, Margaret M and Siccama, Thomas G} } @inbook {4788, title = {The Dendroecology of Red Spruce Decline}, booktitle = {Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States}, volume = {96}, year = {1992}, pages = {192-231}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Climate, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Cook, Edward R and Zedaker, Shephard M} } @book {4784, title = {Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States}, series = {Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis}, volume = {96}, year = {1992}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline}, issn = {0-387-97786-4}, author = {Eagar, Christopher C and Adams, Mary Beth} } @inbook {4786, title = {The Effects of Atmospheric Deposition and Ozone on Carbon Allocation and Associated Physiological Processes in Red Spruce}, booktitle = {Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States}, volume = {96}, year = {1992}, pages = {338-382}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Climate, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Kohut, Robert J} } @article {3649, title = {Expected Stand Behavior: Site Quality Estimation for Southern Appalachian Red Spruce}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {47}, year = {1992}, month = {January}, pages = {39-50}, keywords = {Conservation, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Zedaker, Shephard M} } @article {3597, title = {Growth and Physiological Changes in Red Spruce Saplings Associated with Acidic Deposition at High Elevations in the Southern Appalachians, USA}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {51}, year = {1992}, month = {August}, pages = {43-51}, keywords = {Acid rain, Red spruce, Soil acidity, Trees -- Decay}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90470-T}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Tjoelker, Mark G} } @article {3510, title = {Prevalence of Individual-Tree Growth Decline in Red Spruce Populations of Southern Appalachian Mountains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {22}, year = {1992}, month = {June}, pages = {905-914}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees -- Decay, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Leblanc, David C and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Zedaker, Shephard M} } @article {4986, title = {Seasonal variation in nitrate reductase activity in needles of high-elevation red spruce trees}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {22}, year = {1992}, note = {Tables}, pages = {375-380}, publisher = {NRC Research Press}, address = {Ottawa, Ontario, Canada}, keywords = {Pollution, Red spruce, Soils, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Tjoelker, Mark G and McLaughlin, Samuel B and DiCosty, R. J and Lindberg, Steven E and Norby, R. J} } @article {3651, title = {Seedling Recruitment and Stand Regeneration in Spruce-Fir Forests of the Great Smoky Mountains}, journal = {Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club}, volume = {119}, year = {1992}, month = {July-September}, pages = {289-299}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce}, author = {Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Zedaker, Shephard M and Eagar, Christopher C and Bonner, F. T} } @inbook {4787, title = {Soil Mediated Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Eastern U.S. Spruce-Fir Forests}, booktitle = {Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States}, volume = {96}, year = {1992}, pages = {235-270}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Climate, Red spruce, Soils, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Johnson, Dale W and Fernandez, Ivan J} } @inbook {4785, title = {Spruce-fir Forests of Eastern North America}, booktitle = {Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States}, volume = {96}, year = {1992}, pages = {3-39}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Logging, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Woolly adelgids}, isbn = {0-387-97786-4}, author = {White, Peter S and Cogbill, Charles V} } @article {2491, title = {Changes in the Spruce-fir Avifauna of Mt. Guyot, Tennessee, 1967-1985}, journal = {Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science}, volume = {66}, year = {1991}, month = {October}, pages = {207-209}, keywords = {Birds -- Classification and description, Fraser fir, Mount Guyot, Red spruce, Yellow birch}, author = {Alsop, Fred J} } @article {2926, title = {A Comparison of Seasonal Patterns of Photosynthate Production and Use in Branches of Red Spruce Saplings at Two Elevations}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {21}, year = {1991}, month = {April}, pages = {455-461}, keywords = {Flora, Geography, Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/x91-061}, author = {Andersen, Christian P and McLaughlin, Samuel B and Roy, W. Kelly} } @article {4656, title = {Increased Dark Respiration and Calcium Deficiency of Red Spruce in Relation to Acidic Deposition at High-elevation Southern Appalachian Mountain Sites}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {21}, year = {1991}, pages = {1234-1244}, keywords = {Red spruce, Soil acidity, Topography, Trees -- Growth}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Andersen, Christian P and Hanson, Paul J and Tjoelker, Mark G and Roy, W. Kelly} } @article {4759, title = {The Latitude-Elevation Relationship for Spruce-Fir Forest and Treeline along the Appalachian Mountain Chain}, journal = {Vegetatio}, volume = {94}, year = {1991}, note = {Maps}, month = {July}, pages = {153-175}, keywords = {Climate, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Cogbill, Charles V and White, Peter S} } @article {3418, title = {Nutrient Cycling in Red Spruce Forests of the Great Smoky Mountains}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {21}, year = {1991}, month = {June}, pages = {769-787}, keywords = {Acid rain, Red spruce, Soils, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Johnson, Dale W and Van Miegroet, Helga and Lindberg, Steven E and Todd, Donald E and Harrison, Robert B} } @article {2925, title = {Seasonal Changes in Shoot Water Relations of Picea rubens at Two High Elevation Sites in the Smoky Mountains}, journal = {Tree Physiology}, volume = {8}, year = {1991}, month = {January}, pages = {11-21}, keywords = {Climate, Clingmans Dome, Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/1/11.abstract}, author = {Andersen, Christian P and McLaughlin, Samuel B} } @article {6111, title = {Effects of Acidic Precipitation on the Soil Chemistry and Bioavailability of Aluminum, Manganese, and Copper}, year = {1990}, month = {December }, institution = {Oak Ridge National Laboratory}, address = {Oak Ridge, TN}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition -- Heavy metals, Forests, Fraser fir, Pollution, Red spruce, Soil acidity}, issn = {Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 3507; ORNL//TM-11569}, author = {Stam, Alan Christie and McLaughlin, Samuel B and McCormick, J. F} } @proceedings {5364, title = {Forest Decline and Regeneration Success of the Great Smoky Mountains Spruce-Fir}, journal = {First Annual Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Conference}, year = {1990}, month = {November}, pages = {44}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees -- Growth, Trees -- Growth decline}, author = {Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Zedaker, Shephard M} } @article {3694, title = {Intensive 1-Month Investigation of Trace Metal Deposition and Throughfall at a Mountain Spruce Forest}, journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution}, volume = {53}, year = {1990}, note = {

Illustrations

}, month = {October}, pages = {213-226}, keywords = {Air particles, Air pollution, Forest canopy, Forests, Red spruce, Water quality}, author = {Petty, W H and Lindberg, Steven E} } @proceedings {5362, title = {Nitrogen Dynamics in High-Elevation Spruce Sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {First Annual Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Conference}, year = {1990}, month = {November}, pages = {42}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Red spruce, Soils, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Van Miegroet, Helga and Johnson, Dale W and Todd, Donald E and Goodlaxson, J. D} } @article {3672, title = {Patterns of Abies fraseri Regeneration in a Great Smoky Mountains Spruce-Fir Forest}, journal = {Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club}, volume = {117}, year = {1990}, month = {October-December}, pages = {375-381}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Pauley, Eric F and Clebsch, Edward E. C} } @proceedings {5363, title = {The Relationship Between Stand Age and Soil Nitrate Levels in High Elevation Red Spruce}, journal = {First Annual Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Conference}, year = {1990}, month = {November}, pages = {43}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Mount Le Conte, Red spruce, Soils, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Joslin, J. D and Wolfe, Mark H and Robarge, W. P and Smithson, P. A} } @article {4655, title = {Seasonal Patterns of Photosynthesis and Respiration of Red Spruce Saplings from Two Elevations in Declining Southern Appalachian Stands}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {20}, year = {1990}, pages = {485-495}, keywords = {Air pollution, Clingmans Dome, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Woolly adelgids}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Andersen, Christian P and Edwards, N. T and Roy, W. Kelly and Layton, P. A} } @article {3078, title = {Size-specific Mortality, Growth, and Structure of a Great Smoky Mountains Red Spruce Population}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {20}, year = {1990}, month = {February}, pages = {206-210}, keywords = {Forest canopy, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Busing, Richard T and Wu, Xinyuan} } @article {4115, title = {A Survey of Radial Growth Trends in Spruce in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park as Influenced by Topography, Age, and Stand Development}, year = {1990}, note = {Illustrations}, institution = {U.S. Department of Energy}, address = {Oak Ridge National Laboratory}, abstract = {

A survey of red spruce growth trends at several sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) was undertaken to determine the relationship of the magnitude and timing of changes in annual radial increment to elevation, aspect, tree age, mortality, and competitive status. The growth changes observed suggest responses to changes in climate (principally temperature) or atmospheric pollution acting individually or, more likely, in combination. Major emphasis on these potential causes is warranted in future studies. 56 refs., 8 figs., 11 tabs.

}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Adams, Harold S and McLaughlin, Samuel B and Blasing, T. J and Duvick, D. N} } @article {3817, title = {Frost Hardiness of Picea rubens Growing in Spruce Decline Regions of the Appalachians}, journal = {Tree Physiology}, volume = {5}, year = {1989}, month = {March}, pages = {25-37}, keywords = {Climate, Forests, Pollution, Red spruce, Snow and ice}, author = {Sheppard, L. J and Smith, R. I and Cannell, M. G. R} } @proceedings {5553, title = {Proceedings Sixth Annual Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, journal = {Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, year = {1989}, month = {October}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition -- Heavy metals, Climate, Forests, Ozone, Red spruce, Soils, Trees -- Growth, Water pollution}, author = {Weaver, Linda A and Tennessee Valley Authority} } @article {4984, title = {Radial trends in cation ratios in tree rings as indicators of the impact of atmospheric deposition on forests}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {19}, year = {1989}, note = {Tables}, pages = {556-594}, publisher = {NRC Research Press}, address = {Ottawa, Ontario, Canada}, keywords = {Climate, Hemlocks, Red spruce, Soils}, author = {Bondietti, E A and Baes, Charles F and McLaughlin, Samuel B} } @article {3041, title = {Survey of Diseases and Insects of Fraser Fir and Red Spruce in the Southern Appalachian Mountains}, journal = {European Journal of Forest Pathology}, volume = {19}, year = {1989}, month = {June}, pages = {389-398}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Fungi, Insects, Red spruce}, author = {Bruck, R. I} } @proceedings {6188, title = {Albany II: An Update on Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Site and Stand Characteristics}, journal = {The Second Workshop on Integration of Red Spruce Biological Data with Atmospheric Data}, year = {1988}, month = {December 1-2}, pages = {15}, publisher = {Department of Forestry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, address = {Albany, NY}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Zedaker, Shephard M and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie} } @article {4237, title = {Analyses of Great Smoky Mountain Red Spruce Tree Ring Data}, year = {1988}, institution = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service}, address = {New Orleans, LA}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, issn = {SO-69}, url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so069.pdf}, author = {Van Deusen, Paul C.} } @article {5612, title = {Analyses of Great Smoky Mountain Red Spruce Tree Ring Data}, year = {1988}, publisher = {U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station}, address = {New Orleans, La.}, keywords = {Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Vegetation monitoring}, issn = {General Technical Report SO 69}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d02987042l}, author = {Van Deusen, Paul C.} } @article {3971, title = {Balsam Woolly Adelgid and Spruce-Fir Interactions in the Southern Appalachian Mountains}, journal = {Proceedings for the 1988 Society of American Foresters National Convention}, volume = {1988}, year = {1988}, month = {October}, pages = {92-96}, publisher = {Society of American Foresters }, address = {Bethesda, Maryland}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Witter, John A} } @article {4680, title = {A Fractal Approach to Analysis of Tree Ring Increments}, year = {1988}, pages = {40-56}, institution = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research}, address = {New Orleans, LA}, keywords = {Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees -- Growth decline}, issn = {SO-69}, url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so069.pdf}, author = {Taylor, R. A. J} } @article {3072, title = {Fraser Fir Mortality and the Dynamics of a Great Smoky Mountains Fir-Spruce Stand}, journal = {Castanea}, volume = {53}, year = {1988}, month = {September}, pages = {177-182}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees -- Diseases and pests, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Busing, Richard T and Clebsch, Edward E. C} } @mastersthesis {6639, title = {Growth Patterns of Red Spruce Populations in Two Spruce-Fir Forest Stands in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Ecology, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees -- Growth}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3289/}, author = {Wu, Xinyuan} } @proceedings {2846, title = {Interactive Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors on Growth and Physiology of Southern Red Spruce}, journal = {US/FRG Research Symposium: Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on the Spruce-Fir Forests of the Eastern United States and the Federal Republic of Germany: October 19-23, 1987}, year = {1988}, month = {December}, pages = {381-388}, publisher = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station}, address = {Broomall, PA}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/technical_reports/pdfs/scanned/OCR/ne_gtr120a.pdf}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Andersen, Christian P and Hanson, Paul J and Norby, R. J and Edwards, N. T and Tardiff, R. R}, editor = {Hertel, Gerard} } @article {3779, title = {Land Use History of Three Spruce-Fir Forest Sites in Southern Appalachia}, journal = {Journal of Forest History}, volume = {32}, year = {1988}, note = {

Illustrations, Maps

}, month = {January}, pages = {4-21}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Early exploration, Fraser fir, Grassy balds, History, Indian Gap, Logging, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Tourism}, author = {Schafale, Michael P and Pyle, Charlotte} } @article {5064, title = {Letter from Bruce Webster to Smoky Mountain National Park, Offering Congratulations on the National Register of Big Trees}, year = {1988}, publisher = {Tennessee Department of Conservation}, type = {Letter}, address = {Nashville, TN}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dotsdata/Webster_Letter to GSMNPforBigTreesNationalRegister_1988.pdf}, author = {Webster, Bruce} } @article {5068, title = {Letter from Stanley G. Canter to the Chief of Resource Management and Science on the Red Spruce Certificate}, year = {1988}, note = {With Award for Largest Red Spruce.}, month = {September 30}, publisher = {National Park Service}, type = {Memorandum }, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees}, author = {Canter, Stanley G} } @proceedings {5554, title = {Proceedings Fifth Annual Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, journal = {Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, year = {1988}, month = {September}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air particles -- Deposition, Geology, Red spruce, Soils, Water pollution}, author = {Olem, Harvey and Tennessee Valley Authority} } @article {4681, title = {Red Spruce Tree Ring Analysis Using a Kalman Filter}, year = {1988}, pages = {57-67}, institution = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service}, address = {New Orleans, LA}, keywords = {Climate, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, issn = {SO-69}, url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so069.pdf}, author = {Van Deusen, Paul C.} } @article {4677, title = {Southern Appalachian Red Spruce--Fraser Fir Forests}, year = {1988}, note = {Map}, pages = {2-6}, institution = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,}, address = {New Orleans, LA}, keywords = {Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Woolly adelgids}, issn = {SO-69}, url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so069.pdf}, author = {Groton, Elizabeth and Eagar, Christopher C} } @proceedings {2900, title = {Stand Characteristics Associated with Potential Decline of Spruce-Fir Forests in the Southern Appalachians}, journal = {Proceedings of the US/FRG Research Symposium: Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on the Spruce-Fir Forests of the Eastern United States and the Federal Republic of Germany}, year = {1988}, month = {October 19-23}, pages = {123-131}, publisher = {U.S.D.A. Forest Service}, address = {Burlington, VT}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Pollution, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/technical_reports/pdfs/scanned/OCR/ne_gtr120c.pdf}, author = {Zedaker, Shephard M and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie and Eagar, Christopher C and White, Peter S and Burk, Thomas E} } @article {4678, title = {A Tree Ring Analysis of Red Spruce in the Southern Appalachian Mountains}, year = {1988}, pages = {6-20}, institution = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service}, address = {New Orleans, LA}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline}, issn = {SO-69}, url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so069.pdf}, author = {Cook, Edward R} } @article {4679, title = {Utilizing Time Series Models and Spatial Analysis of Forecast Residuals for Tree Ring Analysis of Red Spruce}, year = {1988}, pages = {21-39}, institution = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service}, address = {New Orleans, LA}, keywords = {Red spruce, Tennessee Valley Authority, Trees -- Growth, Trees -- Growth decline}, issn = {SO-69}, url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_so069.pdf}, author = {Ord, J Keith and Derr, Janice A} } @article {4629, title = {An Analysis of Climate and Competition as Contributors to Decline of Red Spruce in High Elevation Appalachian Forests of the Eastern United States}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {72}, year = {1987}, pages = {487-501}, keywords = {Climate, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Downing, D. J and Blasing, T. J and Cook, Edward R and Adams, Harold S} } @article {4628, title = {Application of a Spruce-Fir Forest Canopy Gap Model}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {20}, year = {1987}, note = {Illustrations}, pages = {151-169}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Mount Collins, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Busing, Richard T and Clebsch, Edward E. C} } @article {4745, title = {Forest Damage on Clingman{\textquoteright}s Dome Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Summary of Current Research}, year = {1987}, month = {circa}, institution = {Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Science Division}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Fraser fir, Insects, Red spruce, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dotsdata/Eagar_ForestImageOnClingman{\textquoteright}sDome_circa1987.pdf}, author = {Eagar, Christopher C} } @article {5043, title = {Interactive Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors on Growth and Physiology of Southern Red Spruce}, year = {1987}, institution = {Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Labratory and Phyton Technologies, Oak Ridge, Tenn.}, keywords = {Air pollution, Clingmans Dome, Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dotsdata/McLaughlin_InteractiveEffectsOfNaturalAndAnthropogenicFactors_1987.pdf}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Andersen, Christian P and Hanson, Paul J and Norby, R. J and Edwards, N. T and Tardiff, R. R} } @article {3094, title = {A Multivariate Analysis of Forest Communities in the Western Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {American Midland Naturalist}, volume = {118}, year = {1987}, month = {July}, pages = {107-120}, keywords = {Flora, Forest canopy, Forests, Fraser fir, Logging, Pollution, Red spruce, Soil acidity, Topography}, author = {Callaway, Ragan Morrison and Clebsch, Edward E. C and White, Peter S} } @proceedings {5549, title = {Proceedings Fourth Annual Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, journal = {Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conference}, year = {1987}, month = {October}, publisher = {Tennessee Valley Authority }, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Acid rain, Air pollution, Forests, Ozone, Red spruce, Soils, Spruce-Fir forests}, author = {Olem, Harvey and Tennessee Valley Authority} } @conference {2869, title = {Censuses of a Breeding Bird Population in a Virgin Spruce-Fir Forest on Mt. Guyot, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Before and After Balsam Wooly Aphid Infestation}, booktitle = {Twelfth Annual Scientific Research Meeting, Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1986}, month = {May}, publisher = {National Park Service, Southeast Regional Office}, organization = {National Park Service, Southeast Regional Office}, address = {Johnson City, Tennessee}, keywords = {Birds, Fauna, Flora, Fraser fir, Insects, Red spruce, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Alsop, Fred J and Laughlin, Thomas F} } @article {2981, title = {Distribution of Lactarius in the High-Elevation Forests of the Southern Appalachians}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {78}, year = {1986}, month = {January-February}, pages = {80-85}, keywords = {Biodiversity, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce}, author = {Bills, Gerald F} } @article {4666, title = {National Register of Big Trees Certificate}, year = {1986}, publisher = {Great Smoky Mountains National Park Research Library}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dotsdata/AmericanForestryAssociation_AwardForLargestRedSpruce_1988.pdf}, author = {The American Forestry Association,} } @article {4985, title = {Proposed mechanisms of initial injury-causing apical dieback in red spruce at high elevation in eastern North America}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {16}, year = {1986}, note = {Illustrations}, pages = {1113-1116}, publisher = {NRC Research Press}, address = {Ottawa, Ontario, Canada}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Ecology, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline}, author = {Evans, Lance S} } @article {2324, title = {Growth-trend Declines of Spruce and Fir in Mid-Appalachian Subalpine Forests}, journal = {Environmental and Experimental Botany}, volume = {25}, year = {1985}, pages = {315-325}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0098847285900292}, author = {Harold S Adams and Stephenson, Steven L and Blasing, T. J and Duvick, D. N} } @article {4783, title = {History of Disturbance in Spruce-fir Forests of the SARRMC Intensive Study Sites -- Mt. Rogers National Recreation Area, Black Mountains, and Great Smoky Mountains}, year = {1985}, month = {December 13}, institution = {Southern Appalachian Spruce-fir Ecosystem Assessment Program}, keywords = {Climate, Ecosystem, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Woolly adelgids, Yellow birch}, author = {Pyle, Charlotte and Schafale, Michael P} } @article {3938, title = {Natural Disturbance and Gap Phase Dynamics in Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forests}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research}, volume = {15}, year = {1985}, pages = {233-240}, keywords = {Conservation, Forest canopy, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth}, author = {White, Peter S and Mackenzie, Mark D and Busing, Richard T} } @article {5186, title = {Small Mammal Survey in the Spruce-Fir Zone of Great Smoky Mountains National park}, year = {1985}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Ecosystem, Fraser fir, Mammals -- Classification and description, Newfound Gap, Red spruce, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Smith, Tommy R and Mouzon, Josiane M} } @conference {4664, title = {A Survey of Growth-Trend Decline in Spruce in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park as Influenced by Topography, Age, and Stand Development}, booktitle = {Eleventh Annual Scientific Research Meeting}, year = {1985}, month = {May}, pages = {38-40}, publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service}, organization = {U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service}, address = {Gatlinburg, Tennessee}, keywords = {Flora, Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Harold S Adams and McLaughlin, Samuel B}, editor = {Wood, James D} } @article {3739, title = {Comparative Study of Composition and Distribution Patterns of Subalpine Forests in the Balsam Mountains of Southwest Virginia and the Great Smoky Mountains}, journal = {Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club}, volume = {111}, year = {1984}, month = {October-December}, pages = {489-493}, keywords = {Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Vegetation monitoring, Woolly adelgids}, author = {Rheinhardt, Richard D} } @article {4171, title = {Distribution and Status of the Northern Flying Squirrel and the Northern Water Shrew in the Southern Appalachians}, year = {1984}, month = {November}, pages = {193-200}, institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Fauna, Flora, Fraser fir, Mammals, Moles and shrews, Red spruce, Squirrels and chipmunks, Trees}, issn = {SER-71}, url = {http://ia601506.us.archive.org/0/items/southernappalach00whit/southernappalach00whit.pdf}, author = {Linzey, Donald W} } @article {4716, title = {Late-Quaternary History of the Spruce-Fir Ecosystem in the Southern Appalachian Mountain Region}, year = {1984}, note = {Maps}, month = {November}, pages = {22-35}, institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Mapping, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, issn = {SER - 71}, url = {http://ia601506.us.archive.org/0/items/southernappalach00whit/southernappalach00whit.pdf}, author = {Hazel R Delcourt and Paul A Delcourt} } @article {4720, title = {Pre-Park Disturbance in the Spruce-Fir Forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1984}, note = {Maps}, month = {November}, pages = {115-130}, institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Conservation, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Fraser fir, Logging, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Yellow birch}, issn = {SER -71}, url = {http://ia601506.us.archive.org/0/items/southernappalach00whit/southernappalach00whit.pdf}, author = {Pyle, Charlotte} } @article {4245, title = {The Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Ecosystem: Its Biology and Threats}, year = {1984}, month = {November}, institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees}, issn = {SER-71}, author = {White, Peter S} } @article {4217, title = {A Status Report on Bryophytes of the Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forests}, year = {1984}, pages = {131-137}, institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory}, address = {Gatlinburg, Tennessee}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Mosses, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Trees}, author = {Smith, David K} } @article {4718, title = {Understory Change in Spruce-Fir During the First 16-20 Years Following the Death of Fir}, year = {1984}, month = {November}, pages = {51-69}, institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory}, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Woolly adelgids, Yellow birch}, issn = {SER -71}, url = {http://ia601506.us.archive.org/0/items/southernappalach00whit/southernappalach00whit.pdf}, author = {DeSelm, H. R and Boner, R. R} } @article {4998, title = {The Balsam Woolly Aphid and Spruce-Fir Forests: A Summary of Pertinent Information for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Interpretation Staff and the Tremont Environmental Education Center Staff}, year = {1983}, month = {May 1}, institution = {Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association }, address = {Gatlinburg, TN}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Forests, Fraser fir, Pollution, Red spruce, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dotsdata/UplandsFieldResearch_TheBalsamWoollyAphidAndSpruceFirForests_1983.pdf}, author = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory} } @article {3164, title = {On Using Horn{\textquoteright}s Markov Succession Model}, journal = {The American Naturalist}, volume = {117}, year = {1981}, month = {April}, pages = {572-574}, keywords = {Clingmans Dome, Forests, Fraser fir, Plant succession control, Red spruce}, author = {Culver, David C} } @article {5163, title = {Modeling Forest Dynamics of the Southern Appalachian Spruce-fir Ecosystem}, year = {1980}, month = {circa}, institution = {Duke University}, address = {Durham, NC}, keywords = {Air pollution, Air quality, Ecosystem, Forests, Fraser fir, Pollution, Red spruce, Trees}, author = {Maguire, Lynn A and Chang, Hising-Yi and Ce, Huang} } @article {2338, title = {The Out-Of-Place Forest: An Ice Age Remnant in the Great Smokies}, journal = {American Forests}, volume = {85}, year = {1979}, note = {Illustrations}, month = {May}, pages = {30-33}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Flora, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce}, author = {Charton, Pete} } @article {3718, title = {Foraging Strategies, Diversity, and Seasonailty in BIrd Communities of Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forests}, journal = {Ecological Monographs}, volume = {48}, year = {1978}, month = {autumn}, pages = {397-424}, keywords = {Birds, Fauna, Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees}, author = {Rabenold, Kerry N} } @mastersthesis {4047, title = {Why Does Spruce Not Invade the High Elevation Beech Forests of the Great Smoky Mountains?}, year = {1977}, month = {December}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Masters of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {American beech, Forests, Red spruce}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1422/}, author = {Fuller, R D} } @article {4863, title = {Secondary Succession in the Spruce-Fir Forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1976}, note = {Maps, Illustrations}, institution = {National Park Service, Southeast Regional Office}, address = {Atlanta, GA}, keywords = {Andrews Bald, Fraser fir, Mount Buckley, Plant succession control, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, issn = {7}, url = {http://archive.org/details/secondarysuccess00rams}, author = {Ramseur, George S} } @article {5015, title = {Comparative Vegetation Analysis of Five Spruce-Fir Areas in the Southern Appalachians}, year = {1974}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, month = {November}, institution = {Furman University}, address = {Greenville, SC}, keywords = {Climate, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Shrubs, Soils, Topography, Vegetation monitoring}, author = {Schwarzkopf, S. Kent} } @mastersthesis {4053, title = {Germination and Early Survival of Picea rubens Sargent in Experimental Laboratory and Field Paintings}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Masters of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Flora, Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3256/}, author = {Griffin, Nancy C Wilson} } @article {2473, title = {Spruce-Fir: Self-Guiding Nature Trail}, year = {1965}, note = {Illustrated}, publisher = {Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Guidebooks, Nature trails, Red spruce, Trees, Yellow birch}, author = {Great Smoky Mountains National Park} } @article {4303, title = {Spruce-Fir: Self-Guiding Nature Trail}, year = {1965}, note = {Illustrated}, publisher = {Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Guidebooks, Nature trails, Red spruce, Trees, Yellow birch}, author = {Great Smoky Mountains National Park} } @mastersthesis {4086, title = {Bryoecology of the Appalachian Spruce-Fir Zone}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {PhD}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Mosses, Red spruce, Trees}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1608}, author = {Norris, Daniel Howard} } @mastersthesis {4098, title = {Concentrations of Gamma-emitting Fallout Radionuclides From Picea rubens and Rhododendron maximum of the Great Smoky Mountains}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Masters of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Botany, Flora, Red spruce, Rhododendrons, Shrubs, Trees}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3277/}, author = {Rudolph, W. K} } @article {2474, title = {The Spruce-Fir Nature Trail}, year = {1963}, note = {Illustrated}, month = {circa}, publisher = {Great Smoky Mountains Natural History Association}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Guidebooks, Nature trails, Red spruce, Trees, Yellow birch}, author = {Great Smoky Mountains National Park} } @article {3942, title = {Net Production Relations of Shrubs in the Great Smoky Mountains}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {43}, year = {1962}, month = {July}, pages = {357-377}, keywords = {American beech, Ferns, Flora, Forests, Fraser fir, Heath balds, Hemlocks, Mountain laurel, Red spruce, Rhododendrons, Shrubs}, author = {Robert Harding Whittaker} } @article {3801, title = {First-Year Breakdown of Leaf Litter in Southern Appalachian Forests}, journal = {Science}, volume = {134}, year = {1961}, month = {July}, pages = {194-195}, keywords = {American beech, Ecology, Flora, Forests, Hemlocks, Red spruce}, author = {Shanks, Royal E and Olson, J. S} } @mastersthesis {4100, title = {The Ecotone Between Spruce-Fir and Deciduous Forests in the Great Smoky Mountains}, year = {1960}, school = {Duke University}, type = {Ph.D.}, address = {Durham, NC}, keywords = {Ecology, Flora, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees}, author = {Schofield, W. B} } @article {3729, title = {Geographical Affinities of the Southern Appalachian High Mountain Flora}, journal = {The ASB Bulletin}, volume = {7}, year = {1960}, month = {April}, pages = {37}, keywords = {Ecosystem, Flora -- Classification and description, Fraser fir, Grassy balds, Heath balds, Red spruce}, author = {Ramseur, George S} } @article {11865, title = {Ground Vegetation Patterns of the Spruce-Fir Area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Virginia Journal of Science}, volume = {11}, year = {1960}, pages = {9-18}, publisher = {Virginia Academy of Science}, keywords = {Biodiversity, Climate, Ferns, Forests, Fraser fir, Lichens, Mosses, Red spruce, Shrubs, Soils}, author = {Crandall, Dorothy Louise} } @article {3159, title = {Ground Vegetation Patterns of the Spruce-Fir Area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Ecological Monographs}, volume = {28}, year = {1958}, note = {Illustrations; A portion of this article is also published in The Virginia Journal of Science 11 (1), 1960: 9-18.}, month = {October}, pages = {338-360}, keywords = {Biodiversity, Climate, Ferns, Forests, Fraser fir, Lichens, Mosses, Red spruce, Shrubs, Soils}, author = {Crandall, Dorothy Louise} } @mastersthesis {5710, title = {Ground Vegetation Patterns of the Spruce-Fir Area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1957}, month = {December}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {PhD}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Fraser fir, Hardwood forests, Plant succession control, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1624/}, author = {Crandall, Dorothy Louise} } @article {3798, title = {Plotless Sampling Trails in Appalachian Forest Types}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {35}, year = {1954}, month = {April}, pages = {237-244}, keywords = {Ecology, Flora, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees, Vegetation monitoring}, author = {Shanks, Royal E} } @mastersthesis {4771, title = {A Study of Plant Distribution Patterns at a Mid-Altitude Location in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1954}, month = {August}, school = {The University of Tennessee}, type = {Masters of Science}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Climate, Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Soils, Yellow birch}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1453}, author = {Cooley, Everette H.} } @article {3138, title = {Sorex Palustris and Sorex Dispar from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, journal = {Journal of Mammalogy}, volume = {33}, year = {1952}, month = {February}, pages = {106-108}, keywords = {Hemlocks, Little Pigeon River, Moles and shrews, Red spruce}, author = {Conaway, C. H and Pfitzer, Donald W} } @article {5171, title = {Recent Collections of Mammals From Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1951}, month = {December}, institution = {Tennessee Academy of Science}, address = {Johnson City, TN}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Indian Gap, Mammals, Mice and voles, Moles and shrews, Red spruce, Rodents}, author = {Pfitzer, Donald W} } @article {4813, title = {Reconnaissance Survey of Pineus Pinifoliae on White Pine in Western North Carolina and Eastern Tennessee}, year = {1951}, month = {December}, institution = {United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration}, address = {Asheville, NC}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees, Woolly adelgids}, url = {http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/dotsdata/Herkel_ReconnaissanceSurveyOfPinlusPinifol_1951.pdf}, author = {Herkel, E. P.} } @book {2509, title = {The Great Smokies and the Blue Ridge: The Story of the Southern Appalachians}, year = {1943}, note = {Illustrations, Maps}, publisher = {The Vanguard Press}, organization = {The Vanguard Press}, address = {New York}, keywords = {Cherokee Indians, Cherokee removal, Climate, Early exploration, Flora, Flowering plants, Folklore, Forest fires, Fraser fir, Geology, Hernando De Soto, History, Logging, Mountain life, Mountain life -- Hunting, Mountain people, Pioneers, Red spruce, Trees}, author = {Peattie, Roderick} } @inbook {2857, title = {Through the Year in the Great Smoky Mounatins National Park, Month by Month}, booktitle = {The Great Smokies and the Blue Ridge: The Story of the Southern Appalachians}, year = {1943}, note = {Illustrations}, pages = {263-289}, publisher = {The Vanguard Press}, organization = {The Vanguard Press}, chapter = {8}, address = {New York}, keywords = {Birds, Black bears, Fauna, Ferns, Fishes, Flora, Forests, Fungi, Hemlocks, Lichens, Liverworts, Mosses, Mount Le Conte, Red spruce, Shrubs, Trees}, author = {Stupka, Arthur}, editor = {Peattie, Roderick} } @article {4674, title = {Tertiary Elements of the Cove Hardwoods Forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park}, year = {1938}, month = {May}, institution = {University of Tennessee, Department of Botany}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, keywords = {Flora, Fraser fir, Red spruce, Trees}, author = {Cain, Stanley A} } @article {3482, title = {Perpetuation of Spruce on Cut-Over and Burned Lands in the Higher Southern Appalachian Mountains}, journal = {Ecological Monographs}, volume = {7}, year = {1937}, note = {Illustrations}, pages = {125-167}, publisher = {Ecological Society of America}, keywords = {Conservation, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Logging, Red spruce, Soils, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Korstian, Clarence F.} } @article {3087, title = {Ecological Studies of the Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains: II. The Quadrant Method Applied to Sampling Spruce and Fir Forest Types}, journal = {The American Midland Naturalist}, volume = {16}, year = {1935}, pages = {566-584}, keywords = {Flora -- Classification and description, Forests, Fraser fir, Red spruce}, author = {Cain, Stanley A} } @article {8476, title = {Spruce growing out of black birch}, year = {1920}, publisher = {Thompson Brothers Digital Photograph Collection}, address = {The University of Tennessee Libraries Digital Collections}, abstract = {}, keywords = {Black birch, Red spruce}, url = {http://idserver.utk.edu/?id=201000000000115}, author = {Thompson Brothers Commercial Photographers} }