Lopez, Omar R., Krista Farris-Lopez, Rebecca A. Montgomery, and Thomas J. Givnish. "Leaf Phenology in Relation to Canopy Closure in Southern Appalachian trees." American Journal of Botany 95, no. 11 (2008): 1395-1407.

Givnish, Thomas J.. "Biomechanical Constraints on Crown Geometry in Forest Herbs." In On the Economy of Plant Form and Function, edited by Thomas J. Givnish, 525-583. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.