@article {12862,
	title = {Tree diversity in relation to tree height: alternative perspectives},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	year = {2017},
	month = {01/2017},
	keywords = {Ecology, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Forests, Trees},
	doi = {10.1111/ele.12693},
	author = {Thomas J. Givnish}
}
@article {5132,
	title = {Planned controlled fires scheduled in Great Smoky Mountains National Park this spring},
	volume = {2013},
	number = {April 3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {March 11, 2013},
	publisher = {The Republic},
	address = {Columbus, IN},
	keywords = {Cades Cove, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	url = {http://www.therepublic.com/view/story/41fe2e018fb549a6bb102bef18bc9c08/TN--Smokies-Prescribed-Burns},
	author = {Associated Press}
}
@mastersthesis {7133,
	title = {Fire Regimes of the Southern Appalachian Mountains: Temporal and Spatial Variability and Implications for Vegetation Dynamics},
	year = {2012},
	month = {December},
	school = {Texas A\&M University},
	type = {Ph. D.},
	address = {College Station, TX},
	keywords = {Cherokee Indians, Climate, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Plant succession control},
	url = {http://repository.tamu.edu//handle/1969.1/148082},
	author = {Flatley, William T}
}
@article {4926,
	title = {Climatic and topographic controls on patterns of fire in the southern and central Appalachian Mountains, USA},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Maps, Tables},
	pages = {195-209},
	publisher = {Springer},
	chapter = {195},
	keywords = {Climate, Ecology, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Geographic information systems, Topography},
	author = {Flatley, William T and Lafon, Charles W and Grissino-Mayer, Henri D}
}
@book {10935,
	title = {Mountain Nature: A Seasonal Natural History of the Southern Appalachians},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Illustrations, Map},
	pages = {224},
	publisher = {University of North Carolina Press},
	organization = {University of North Carolina Press},
	keywords = {Fauna, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Natural history},
	author = {Frick-Ruppert, Jennifer}
}
@article {3431,
	title = {Burning Seasons, Burning Bans: Fire in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, 1750-2000},
	journal = {Appalachian Journal},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Illustrations},
	month = {spring},
	pages = {170-217},
	keywords = {Ecology, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	author = {Jurgelski, William M}
}
@mastersthesis {5820,
	title = {Fire History of Gum Swamp and Black Pond in Eastern Tennessee, U.S.A., from Macroscopic Sedimentary Charcoal},
	year = {2008},
	school = {University of Tennessee},
	type = {Masters of Science},
	address = {Knoxville, Tennessee},
	abstract = {Eastern Tennessee and Great Smoky Mountains National Park are biological hotspots in which settlement by Native Americans and Euro-Americans dramatically changed the landscape through land clearance and changes in fire occurrence. I present two local fire histories using macroscopic sedimentary charcoal, one from a highly managed area and one from private agricultural land. Gum Swamp (35{\textdegree}35{\textquoteright} N 83{\textdegree}50{\textquoteright} W) is a pond located in Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park that experiences seasonal drying. The 0.94 m sediment profile extends to about 425 cal yr BP, based on an AMS radiocarbon date on charcoal fragments at mid-depth in the profile. Black Pond (35{\textdegree}37{\textquoteright} N 84{\textdegree}11{\textquoteright} W) is a spring-fed sinkhole surrounded by agricultural fields. The 2.88 m sediment profile is expected to extend to about 3000 yr BP based on comparison with a sediment core previously recovered and analyzed for pollen and microscopic charcoal by Patricia Cridlebaugh in her Ph.D. dissertation research at the University of Tennessee. AMS radiocarbon dates for the new profile are pending.
The macroscopic charcoal record of Gum Swamp shows an increase in charcoal concentrations between the early 1800s and the 1950s associated with Euro-American land clearance and settlement. A decrease in charcoal concentration from the 1950s to the present likely signals fire suppression in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This record is correlated with an earlier microscopic charcoal record completed by Jean Davidson in her M.S. thesis research at the University of Tennessee. Both records show similar trends in charcoal concentrations, but Davidson{\textquoteright}s chronology, which is based on radiocarbon dating of bulk sediment, differs from the chronology presented here. My results suggest that the Gum Swamp record spans less time than Davidson proposed.
The macroscopic charcoal record from Black Pond shows high charcoal concentrations during an interval tentatively correlated with indigenous occupation, based on Cridlebaugh{\textquoteright}s chronology. Moderate charcoal concentrations characterize the period of subsequent Euro-American settlement, followed by low concentrations in recent times. The similar trends in macroscopic and microscopic charcoal at Black Pond and Gum Swamp suggest that the microscopic charcoal previously investigated may largely signal local fires in these small watersheds.},
	keywords = {Bodies of water, Cades Cove, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, History, Sediments -- Coarse woody debris},
	url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/387},
	author = {Haas, Alisa Lynn}
}
@article {3367,
	title = {The Relationship Between Fire History and an Exotic Fungal Disease in a Deciduous Forest},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {155},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {347-356},
	keywords = {Flora -- Viruses, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Forests},
	author = {Holzmueller, Eric J and Jose, Shibu and Jenkins, Michael A}
}
@article {3490,
	title = {Modeling the Effects of Fire On the Long-Term Dynamics and Restoriation of Yellow Pine and Oak Forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains},
	journal = {Restoration Ecology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {400-411},
	keywords = {Ecosystem, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Trees},
	url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_lafon001.pdf},
	author = {Lafon, Charles W and Waldron, John D and Cairns, David M and Tchakerian, Maria D and Coulson, Robert N and Klepzig, Kier D}
}
@article {3368,
	title = {Dogwood Anthracnose in Eastern Hardwood Forests: What Is Known and What Can Be Done?},
	journal = {Journal of Forestry},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Illustrations},
	month = {January-February},
	pages = {21-26},
	keywords = {Dogwoods, Flora -- Viruses, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Invasive plants, Vegetation monitoring},
	author = {Holzmueller, Eric J and Jose, Shibu and Jenkins, Michael A and Camp, Ann and Long, Alan}
}
@article {4157,
	title = {The Effect of Fire on Flowering Dogwood Stand Dynamics in Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {496-498},
	institution = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station},
	address = {Asheville, NC},
	keywords = {Dogwoods, Flora, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Trees},
	issn = {SRS-92},
	url = {http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs092/gtr_srs092-116-holzmueller.pdf},
	author = {Holzmueller, Eric J and Jose, Shibu and Jenkins, Michael A}
}
@mastersthesis {4022,
	title = {The Effects of Prescribed Burning by the National Park Service on Pine-Oak Forests Within Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Illustrations},
	school = {University of Illinois},
	type = {Ph.D.},
	address = {Urbana-Champaign, IL},
	keywords = {Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Forests, Oaks, Woodpeckers},
	author = {Bretthauer, Scott M}
}
@article {4942,
	title = {Predicting the Invasion of the Exotic Species Paulownia tomentosa Following Burning in Pine and Oak-Pine Forests of the Mountains},
	year = {2006},
	month = {July},
	institution = {The University of North Carolina},
	address = {Chapel Hill, NC},
	keywords = {Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Invasive plants, Pine-Oak forests},
	url = {http://www.firescience.gov/projects/01-3-3-33/project/01-3-3-33_final_report.pdf},
	author = {Kuppinger, Dane M and White, Peter S and Jenkins, Michael A}
}
@inbook {2838,
	title = {Use of Wildland Fire in Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	booktitle = {Fire in Eastern Oak Forests: Delivering Science to Land Managers, Proceedings of a Conference; 2005 November 15-17; Columbus, Ohio},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {273},
	publisher = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station},
	organization = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station},
	address = {Newton Square, PA},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	url = {http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs-p1/cohen_p1_273.pdf},
	author = {Cohen, Dana and Buchanan, Beth and Dellinger, Bob and Konz, Leon and Taylor, Mark},
	editor = {Dickinson, Matthew B}
}
@mastersthesis {4011,
	title = {Changes in Fire Regimes and the Successional Status of Table Mountains Pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) In the Southern Appalachians, USA},
	year = {2002},
	month = {May},
	school = {University of Tennessee},
	type = {Masters of Science},
	address = {Knoxville, TN},
	keywords = {Bullhead, Cades Cove, Cherokee Orchard, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Plant succession control, Sugarland Mountain, Thunderhead Mountain},
	url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3293/},
	author = {Armbrister, Michael                            R}
}
@inbook {2854,
	title = {Managing Rare Plant Populations With Fire in Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	booktitle = {Proceedings: Workshop on Fire, People, and the Central Hardwoods Landscape: 2000 March 12-14: Richmond, KY. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-274},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {116-119},
	publisher = {Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station},
	organization = {Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station},
	address = {Newton Square, PA},
	keywords = {Flora, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	url = {http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/technical_reports/pdfs/2000/274\%20papers/rock274.pdf},
	author = {Rock, Janet H},
	editor = {Yuassy, Daniel A}
}
@article {3330,
	title = {Post-Fire Succession and 20th Century Reduction in Fire Frequency on Xeric Southern Appalachian Sites},
	journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2000},
	month = {August},
	pages = {465-472},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Plant succession control},
	author = {Harrod, Jonathan C and Harmon, Mark E and White, Peter S}
}
@mastersthesis {2270,
	title = {Disturbance History and Ecological Change in a Southern Appalachian Landscape: Western Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1936-1996},
	year = {1999},
	note = {MapsPh.D. thesis},
	school = {University of North Carolina},
	address = {Chapel Hill, NC},
	keywords = {Ecosystem, Fauna, Flora, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Topography},
	url = {http://cee.unc.edu/theses/Harrod_PhD.pdf},
	author = {Harrod, Jonathan C}
}
@article {5705,
	title = {Fire Management Plan for Great Smoky Mountains National Park Tennessee - North Carolina},
	year = {1996},
	publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service},
	address = {Gatlinburg, TN},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, National Park Service},
	url = {http://archive.org/details/firemanagementpl00unse}
}
@mastersthesis {7263,
	title = {A History of Incendiary Fire in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1931-1988},
	year = {1993},
	school = {University of South Alabama},
	type = {Master of Arts},
	address = {Mobile, AL},
	keywords = {Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	author = {Hays, John Foster}
}
@proceedings {5268,
	title = {Fire History and Management in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, An Update},
	journal = {Conference on Science in the National Parks},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {123},
	publisher = {George Wright Society},
	edition = {WR 208},
	keywords = {Ecology, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	author = {White, Peter S and Berg, Dean and Harmon, Mark E and Nicholas, Niki Stephanie}
}
@article {5725,
	title = {Vegetation Disturbance History of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: An Analysis of Archival Maps and Records},
	year = {1985},
	note = {Maps},
	month = {October},
	institution = {U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service},
	address = {Gatlinburg, TN},
	keywords = {Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Forests, Logging, Mapping, Topography, Vegetation monitoring},
	url = {http://archive.org/details/vegetationdistur00pyle},
	author = {Pyle, Charlotte}
}
@article {4720,
	title = {Pre-Park Disturbance in the Spruce-Fir Forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	year = {1984},
	note = {Maps},
	month = {November},
	pages = {115-130},
	institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory},
	address = {Gatlinburg, TN},
	keywords = {Conservation, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Fraser fir, Logging, Red spruce, Spruce-Fir forests, Yellow birch},
	issn = {SER -71},
	url = {http://ia601506.us.archive.org/0/items/southernappalach00whit/southernappalach00whit.pdf},
	author = {Pyle, Charlotte}
}
@article {3325,
	title = {Survival of Trees After Low-Intensity Surface Fires In Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {65},
	year = {1984},
	month = {June},
	pages = {796-802},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Forests, Trees -- Growth},
	author = {Harmon, Mark E}
}
@article {2327,
	title = {Decomposition of Standing Dead Trees in the Southern Appalachian Mountains},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {214-215},
	keywords = {Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/k10n2hx02418xuv2/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363839},
	author = {Harmon, Mark E}
}
@article {3324,
	title = {Fire History of the Westernmost Portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical                        Club},
	volume = {109},
	year = {1982},
	note = {Maps},
	pages = {74-79},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	author = {Harmon, Mark E}
}
@article {4865,
	title = {Fire History of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: 1940 to 1979},
	year = {1981},
	note = {Maps, Tables},
	month = {March},
	institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory},
	address = {Gatlinburg, TN},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	issn = {46},
	url = {http://archive.org/details/firehistoryofgre46harm},
	author = {Harmon, Mark E}
}
@article {4872,
	title = {The Distribution and Dynamics of Forest Fuels in the Low Elevation Forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	year = {1980},
	note = {Maps, Figures, Tables},
	institution = {Uplands Field Research Laboratory},
	address = {Gatlinburg, TN},
	keywords = {Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Forests, Topography, Trees -- Decay},
	issn = {32},
	url = {http://archive.org/details/distributiondyna32harm},
	author = {Harmon, Mark E}
}
@proceedings {5328,
	title = {Fire Disturbance and Vegetation Recovery in the Low Elevation Forests of Western Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	journal = {Second Conference on Scientific Research in the National Parks},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {143-158},
	publisher = {U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service },
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Vegetation monitoring},
	author = {Harmon, Mark E}
}
@mastersthesis {4867,
	title = {The Influence of Fire and Site Factors on Vegetation Pattern and Process: A Case Study of The Western Portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park},
	year = {1980},
	note = {Maps, Tables, Figures},
	month = {December},
	school = {The University of Tennessee},
	type = {Masters of Science},
	address = {Knoxville, TN},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Vegetation monitoring},
	url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1448},
	author = {Harmon, Mark E}
}
@article {2349,
	title = {Effect of Fire on Pine and Pine-Hardwood Forests in the Southern Appalachians},
	journal = {Forest Science},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1976},
	pages = {399-403},
	keywords = {Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Trees},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/1976/00000022/00000004/art00008},
	author = {Lawrence S Barden and Frank W Woods}
}
@mastersthesis {5546,
	title = {Lightning Fires in Southern Appalachian Forests},
	year = {1974},
	month = {August},
	school = {University of Tennessee},
	type = {PhD},
	address = {Knoxville, TN},
	keywords = {Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Hardwood forests, Pine-Oak forests},
	url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1620/},
	author = {Lawrence S Barden}
}
@article {3482,
	title = {Perpetuation of Spruce on Cut-Over and Burned Lands in the Higher Southern Appalachian Mountains},
	journal = {Ecological Monographs},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1937},
	note = {Illustrations},
	pages = {125-167},
	publisher = {Ecological Society of America},
	keywords = {Conservation, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects, Logging, Red spruce, Soils, Trees, Trees -- Growth},
	author = {Korstian, Clarence F.}
}
@article {5607,
	title = {Report on the Fire Control Training Conference (Fire School) Held at Sugarlands Camp NP-2, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, June 4-6, 1936},
	year = {1936},
	month = {June },
	institution = {U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service},
	address = {Gatlinburg, TN},
	keywords = {Conservation, Forest fires, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068545469},
	author = {Allen, Shirley W.}
}
