@article {4115, title = {A Survey of Radial Growth Trends in Spruce in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park as Influenced by Topography, Age, and Stand Development}, year = {1990}, note = {Illustrations}, institution = {U.S. Department of Energy}, address = {Oak Ridge National Laboratory}, abstract = {

A survey of red spruce growth trends at several sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) was undertaken to determine the relationship of the magnitude and timing of changes in annual radial increment to elevation, aspect, tree age, mortality, and competitive status. The growth changes observed suggest responses to changes in climate (principally temperature) or atmospheric pollution acting individually or, more likely, in combination. Major emphasis on these potential causes is warranted in future studies. 56 refs., 8 figs., 11 tabs.

}, keywords = {Red spruce, Trees, Trees -- Growth}, author = {Adams, Harold S and McLaughlin, Samuel B and Blasing, T. J and Duvick, D. N} } @article {4629, title = {An Analysis of Climate and Competition as Contributors to Decline of Red Spruce in High Elevation Appalachian Forests of the Eastern United States}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {72}, year = {1987}, pages = {487-501}, keywords = {Climate, Red spruce, Trees -- Growth decline}, author = {McLaughlin, Samuel B and Downing, D. J and Blasing, T. J and Cook, Edward R and Adams, Harold S} }